Oil burner



H. J. CARY IL BURNER Filed Jan. 20, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet H. J. CARY OILBURNER Aug. 6, 1929.

Filed Jan. 20, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 H. J. CARY OIL BURNER Filed Jan.20, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet Patented Aug. 6, 1929.

UNITED STATES HENRY JOSEPH CARY, 0F SAUKVILLE, WISCONSIN.

on. BURNER.

Application filed January 20, 1927. Serial No. 162,305.

This invention relates to oil burners.

In oil burners as heretofore constructed, it has been found that a greatamount of roaring occurs and that although attempts have been made tominimize this roaring by placing obstructions or a foreign substance inthe generator tube, that nevertheless the roaring continues to an.objectionable degree in burners prior to this invention.

Further, in the burners as heretofore constructed, the generating tuberapidly carbon izes and clogs and, consequently, materially interfereswith the action of the burner.

In addition to. this, burners constructed for the use of oil are ofthegeneral type in which a spider-web is used, or, in which a multitude ofapertures are provided in the upper portion. This construction isdifiicult to make and does not operate satisfactorily.

This invention is designed to overcome the above noted defects, andobjects of such invention are to provide an oil burner such, forexample, as a kerosene oil or gasolene burner, which is so constructedthat it will operate quietly without roaring and with a steadinessheretofore considered impossible with oil burners.

Further objects are to provide a unique construction of generator inwhich the heavier liquid, namely, oil, is made to climb up hill, therebygiving the oil which has been changed into a vaporopportunity to passout through the small jet orifice, thereby eliminating pulsation.

Further objects are to provide a novel form of oil burner in which thegenerating tube is free from obstruction from one end to the other, andyet which does not roar or pulsate and which is free from carbonizingand clogging.

Further objects are to provide an oil burner having a generating tubewhich slants upwardly and which has different zones or portions thereofmaintained at different temperatures, and to so construct the burnerthat these temperatures are constant and do not fluctuate and are gradedfrom that having the lowest temperature at the point where the oilenters to that having the highest temperature adjacent the point atwhich the gas passes to the control valve or needle valve.

Further objects are to construct a novel form of burner with a minimumnumber of parts and having the characteristics enumerated above and toso form the upper or main bafile plate that the flame and heated products of combustion are caused to play about or lap about the generatortube, and are held in predetermined positions so that the differentzones of temperature of the generator tube are maintained, and yet toprovide a construction which is extremely simple, which is highlypractical and which may be easily produced.

Further objects are to provide a novel relation between the mixing tubeand the open body of the burner where the gas and air are distributed tothe apertured portion at which the flame forms, so that the maximummixing occurs, and yet in which a minimum restriction to the flowingcombustible mixture is occasioned.

Further objects of this invention are to provide a novel form of burnerin which three main portions, preferably of cast ma terial are provided.namely, a bottom body portion, a head, and a battle member or flamedirector, and to provide means whereby the starting cups mav be formedof sheet metal and readily attached to these main members,

so that relatively simple castings are required for this burner.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel form of burnerin which the lead is adjustable without dismantling the burner, so thatthe exact degree of spacing between the body portion and the head may bemost easily secured by simple adjustments after the burner has beenassembled, to give a flame having the proper combustion.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings inwhich:

Figure 1 is a plan view thereof with parts broken away;

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing the baflle member orflame director removed;

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the burner;

Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line 4--4 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 of Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a sectional view on the line 6-6 of Figure 3;

Figure 7 is a sectional view on the line 7-7 of Figure 1;

Figure 8 is a sectional view through the forward portion of the flamedirector approximately on the line 88 oi Figure 3.

Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the burner comprises amain body portion 1 which has an integral mixing chamber 2 formedtherein. The mixing chamber 2 stops at the point indicated by thereference character 3 in Figure 2 a material distance from the innerperipheral surface or wall 4 of the body portion. The body portion, itwill be noted, has a circular cavity 5 defined by the wall 4 and intowhich the combustible mixture flows from the mixing chamber 2. It is tobe noted, particularly from Figures 2 and 4, that thecross sectionalarea of the mixing tube is approximately I equal to one-half of thecombined areas in the V chamber '3 on opposite sides of such mixingtube. This has been found in actual practice to be eminentlysatisfactory and to aid in the accurate distribution of the flame andalso in the quietness of operation. This body portion is supported inany suitable manner, as by means of a downwardly extending apertured lug6. It carries a supply head 7 adjacent its forward side, such head 7, asmay be seen from Figure 2, being detachably secured in place by means ofscrews 8 passing therethrough and threaded into the body portion. Asshown from the sectional view, Figure 6, the main body portion 1 carriesa downwardly opening channel protecting member 9 which is formed ofsheet metal and is dctachably secured by means of a screw 10 passingthrough an apertured lug formed in the member 9. A channel-shaped metalshell 9' is slidably mounted upon the member 9 and may be moved up ordown to give the proper air opening for oils of different densities,such for instance, as kerosene or gasoline. This protecting member orprotecting bafile admits the air from the underside of the burner, asmay be seen from Figure 4, and protects the entranceto the mixingchamber 2 from any flame or other disturbance, and also it has beenfound, aids in the quietness of operation of the device. For instance,as shown'in Figure 4, a pressed metal starting cup or heating cup 11 ispositioned just below the head 7 and outside of the protecting baflleplate or channel member 9. Preferably, this pressed metal starting cupis carried by a screw 12 passing into the head 7.

The head 7 it will be noted from Figure 4, is provided with an adjustingscrew 13 controlled by a hand wheel 14. This screw constitutes in effecta needle valve rod and controls the needle valve 15 (see Figure 4) whichin turn controls the gas flow through the gas nozzle 16.

The head 7 is provided with a generating tube17- that slants upwardlyfrom the oil inlet end 18 (see Figure 3) to the downwardly extendingdischarge end 19 which latter end leads directly to the head 7, as maybe seen from Fi ures 3 and 4. This generator tube is unobstructed, asmay be seen from Figures 4 and 7, and as previously mentioned, slantsupwardly in a gradual manner from the inlet to its outlet end.

Above the main body portion 1, a head 20 is positioned. This head, asmay be seen from Figures 1 and 4, is disc-like and rests in a depression21 formed in the body portion 1. It is provided with a plurality ofsmall lugs 22 to determine the minimum spacing between the head and thebody portion. However, as may be seen from Figures 3 and 6, the bodyportion is provided with three screws 23 which extend upwardlytherethrough and which contact with the lower or bottom face of the head20 as may be seen from Figure 3. Thus, by adjusting the screws 23 theheight of the head 20 from the body portion may be accurately adjustedafter the burner has been assembled, so that the maximum efliciency andcorrect distribution of the combustible mixture and necessarily, theresulting flame, is obtained. A central screw 24 is provided whichslidably receives and holds the head 20 in its correct position with itsperi 'iheral portion spaced from the corresponding wall of the bodyportion. clamped between the screws 23 and the screw 24 when the correctadjustment has been obtained. Preferably, the head 20 is provided with aplurality of tongues 25 (see Figure 1) which fit within and are spacedfrom the walls of radial depressions or recesses 26 formed in the bodyportion 1.

Above the body portion 1, a main dcflector 27 is positioned. Thisdeflector is provided with a shoulderedv groove 28 which seats upon theedge of the body portion, as shown in Figure 4, and thus correctly poshtions the deflector. It is to be noted that generally this deflector hasits outer walls slanting upwardly towards its open central portion so asto cause a slight convergem-c of the resulting annular flame. However,itis to be particularly noted that the deflector 27 is cut away, asindicated at 25) in Figure 8, adjacent the end 19 of the generating tubeand that it is provided with a. short inwardly positioned wall 30 whichdirects the flame outwardly towards the generating tube. The flame iscaused to wrap around the portion 19 ot' the tube by means of anoutwardly projecting arm 31 formed integral with the deflector andextending around the portion 19 of the tube, as shown in Figures 1, 3, 6and 8.

It is to be noted further from Figures 1. 3, and 5, that the deflectoris provided with a downwardly extending tongue or lip 32 which wrapsover the generator tube 17 intermediate its uppermost end and theentrance end 18. This lip 32, therefore, causes If desired, the head 20may be to Wrap around the generator tube and maintain the propertemperature thereof in this zone.

From the construction thus far described, it is clear that the flame orhighly heated products of combustion are caused to act upon thegenerator tube in a predetermined. manner and are held in such positionswith reference to the tube against any fluctuations or variations due toair currents or other disturbances. It will be seen, further that thegenerator tube is coolest at the en trance end 18 and is heated indifferent zones to gradually increase in temperatures as the extreme endor the delivery end of the generating tube is approached.

Further, it will. be seen that the generator tube, due to its upwardslant, maintains a nedetermined level for the oil corresponding to agiven demand upon the burner. If, for any reason, the gas pressureshould increase in the generator tube, the oil is forced back down thetube along its slanting portion until a correct balance is obtained between the pressure and the height of the oil. This adjustment is whollyautomatic and as the generator tube is free from obstructions, suchadjustment will take place with the utmost facility.

Further than this, carbonizing does not result as the oil is backed'awayfrom the most highly heated portions of the gene *ator tube and onlycomes in contact with the heated portions thereof in a gradual manner;that is to say, approaching through the lowest temperature zones towardsthe highest temperature zones so that vaporization takes place Withoutany high heating of the oil and, consequently, without carbonization.The gases are heated to the desired extent by the means described indetail above.

In order to quickly secure an initial. heating of the generator tube, anelongated starting cup 33 (see Figures 1 and 3) is provided immediatelybelow the generator tube. This starting cup, as may be seen from Figures1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, is formed of sheet metal and may be attached in anysuitable manner, by means of the screw 3 .1: (see Figure 5). Thisstarting cup similar to the generator tube is arranged approximatelytangentially to the general outline of the body portion 1, as shown mostclearly in Figures 1 and 6. However, itis to be noted that these membersare tangent to th 2 eneral outline of the body portion at differentpoints so that they are arrangeiil at a slight angle to each other. Asmay be seen from Figure 1, the advantage of this construction resides inthe fact that the outermost end is exposed and permits the ready fillingof the starting cup. Further, the innermost end extends inwardly beneaththe overhanging lip or flange 32 and thus when the contonts'of the cupis lighted, the flame caused to wrap around the generator tube andquicky bring it to the desired temperature.

In. operation, it has been found that this burner produces a quiet,intensely hot flame and a flame which is very evenly distributed andfree from soot.

Further, it has been found from actl'lal tests conducted with thisdevice that the generator tube does not carbonize, but maintains asubstantially clean interior surface througl'iout a prolonged period ofuse.

It has been found further that the objectionable roaring heretoforeexperienced with burners employing generating tubes, has been whollyeliminated and also the roaring at the burner itself has been avoided.

Further, it is to be noted that the generator tube provides a freepassage as it has been unnecessary to fill this tube with anyobstructing material, as has heretofore been found necessary.

It will be seen further that a perfectly designed generator unit hasbeen provided which is detachably held in place by two screws and maythus be applied to different size burners.

The burner also has been found to operate with the utmost steadiness andto be affected to a minimum extent by drafts and undesirable currents ofair. The openings and exits for the air and mixture are so arranged thatthey are shielded and are not affected by transverse air currents.

Further, it will be seen that the castings required for this burner areextremely simple and may be very readily roduced. Further, due to thedetachable uel head which carries the adjusting valve, one of thestarting cups, and the generator tube outlet, an easy machining isobtained.

Further than this, the construction is such that pressed metal startingcups may be easily attached, as described in detail above, andconsequently the cost of production materially reduced.

Although the invention has been described in considerable detail, suchdescription is intended as illustrative rather than limiting as theinvention may be variously embodied and as the scope of such inventionis to be determined as claimed.

I claim:

1. An oil burner comprising a main head having a mixing compartment agas nozzle for directing fuel into said compartment, an upwardlyslanting generator tube for conducting fuel to said nozzle, and a flamedirector mounted above said main head and havingoutwardly extendingcurved lips for deflecting the flame towards said generator tube, one ofsaid lips extending over said generator tube and slanting upwardlytowards the delivery end of said tube, said lips partially curvingaround said generator tube for causing the flame to wrap around saidgenerator tube to a greater and greater extent as the discharge end ofsaid generator tube is approached.

2. An oil burner comprising a main head having a mixing compartment, agas nozzle for directing fuel into said compartment, an upwardlyjslanting generator tube for conducting fuel to said nozzle, and a flamedirector mounted above said main head and having outwardly extendingcurved lips for deflecting the flame towards said generator 15 tube, oneof said lips extending over said generator tube and slanting upwardlytowards the delivery end of said tube, another of said lips extendingaround the delivery end of said generator tube, both lips directing theflame towards the delivery end of said tube.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand atMilwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of \Visconsin.

HENRY JOSEPH CARY.

